DESCRIPTION: Warm (red) and cold (blue) episodes based on a threshold of +/- 0.5oC for the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST.v3b SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region (5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW)], based on the 1971-2000 base period. For historical purposes cold and warm episodes (blue and red colored numbers) are defined when the threshold is met for a minimum of 5 consecutive over-lapping seasons.

 

Year

DJF

JFM

FMA

MAM

AMJ

MJJ

JJA

JAS

ASO

SON

OND

NDJ

1950

-1.7

-1.5

-1.3

-1.4

-1.3

-1.1

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-0.9

-1.0

1951

-1.0

-0.9

-0.6

-0.3

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.6

1952

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

-0.1

-0.3

-0.3

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

1953

0.2

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

1954

0.5

0.3

-0.1

-0.5

-0.7

-0.7

-0.8

-1.0

-1.2

-1.1

-1.1

-1.1

1955

-1.0

-0.9

-0.9

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.4

-1.8

-2.0

-1.9

1956

-1.3

-0.9

-0.7

-0.6

-0.6

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-0.9

-0.8

1957

-0.5

-0.1

0.3

0.6

0.7

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.5

1958

1.7

1.5

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

1959

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.2

1960

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.2

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-0.2

1961

-0.2

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.0

-0.3

-0.6

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

1962

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

-0.5

-0.4

-0.4

-0.3

-0.3

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7

-0.7

1963

-0.6

-0.3

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

1964

0.8

0.4

-0.1

-0.5

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-1.0

-1.1

-1.2

-1.2

-1.0

1965

-0.8

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.3

0.6

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.5

1966

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.2

-0.3

-0.3

1967

-0.4

-0.4

-0.6

-0.5

-0.3

0.0

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.5

-0.4

-0.5

1968

-0.7

-0.9

-0.8

-0.7

-0.3

0.0

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.7

0.9

1969

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

1970

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.3

-0.6

-0.8

-0.9

-0.8

-0.9

-1.1

1971

-1.3

-1.3

-1.1

-0.9

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-1.0

-0.9

1972

-0.7

-0.4

0.0

0.2

0.5

0.8

1.0

1.3

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.1

1973

1.8

1.2

0.5

-0.1

-0.6

-0.9

-1.1

-1.3

-1.4

-1.7

-2.0

-2.1

1974

-1.9

-1.7

-1.3

-1.1

-0.9

-0.8

-0.6

-0.5

-0.5

-0.7

-0.9

-0.7

1975

-0.6

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8

-0.9

-1.1

-1.2

-1.3

-1.5

-1.6

-1.7

-1.7

1976

-1.6

-1.2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.5

-0.2

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.7

1977

0.6

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.7

1978

0.7

0.4

0.0

-0.3

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

1979

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.5

1980

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.0

-0.1

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

1981

-0.3

-0.5

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.3

-0.4

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

-0.1

1982

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.6

0.7

0.7

1.0

1.5

1.9

2.2

2.3

1983

2.3

2.0

1.5

1.2

1.0

0.6

0.2

-0.2

-0.6

-0.8

-0.9

-0.7

1984

-0.4

-0.2

-0.2

-0.3

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.3

-0.6

-0.9

-1.1

1985

-0.9

-0.8

-0.7

-0.7

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.5

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.4

1986

-0.5

-0.4

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.2

1987

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.1

1988

0.7

0.5

0.1

-0.2

-0.7

-1.2

-1.3

-1.2

-1.3

-1.6

-1.9

-1.9

1989

-1.7

-1.5

-1.1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

1990

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

1991

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.4

1.6

1992

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.5

0.2

0.0

-0.1

0.0

0.2

1993

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.2

1994

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.2

1.3

1995

1.2

0.9

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7

-0.7

1996

-0.7

-0.7

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

1997

-0.4

-0.3

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.3

1.7

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.5

1998

2.3

1.9

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-0.8

-1.0

-1.1

-1.3

-1.4

1999

-1.4

-1.2

-0.9

-0.8

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-0.9

-1.0

-1.1

-1.3

-1.6

2000

-1.6

-1.4

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7

2001

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.2

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.1

2002

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.4

2003

1.2

0.9

0.5

0.1

-0.1

0.1

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.4

2004

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

2005

0.7

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.2

-0.1

-0.4

-0.7

2006

-0.7

-0.6

-0.4

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.9

1.1

1.1

2007

0.8

0.4

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.4

-0.7

-1.0

-1.1

-1.3

2008

-1.4

-1.4

-1.1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

-0.3

-0.6

2009

-0.8

-0.7

-0.5

-0.1

0.2

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.2

1.5

1.8

2010

1.7

1.5

1.2

0.8

0.3

-0.2

-0.6

-1.0

-1.3

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4

2011

-1.3

-1.2

-0.9

-0.6

-0.2

0.0

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.7

-0.8